Mao Qiling (毛奇齡 Máo Qílíng; 1623–1716) was a Chinese scholar and philologist of the early
Qing Dynasty. A native of Xiaoshan in Zhejiang province, he became a licentiate at the age of fifteen
sui. After the fall of the
Ming Dynasty in 1644, he refused to serve the
Qing. In 1679, however, he took part in and passed a special honorary examination held by the
Kangxi Emperor to attract scholars who had not yet announced their allegiance to the new dynasty. He was then appointed to the compilation of the official
History of Ming. After retiring from office in 1687, he went to live in Hangzhou (Zhejiang), where he taught many disciples.
A scholar of wide learning, Mao compiled works on the Confucian Classics and on phonetics, music, history, and geography. After Mao's death his writings were collected and published as an eighty-volume work, The Collected Works of Xihe ("Xihe" was a popular pseudonym of Mao's). He was famous for vehemently opposing the orthodox commentaries on the Classics by Song-dynasty Neo-Confucians like Zhu Xi. He also unsuccessfully attacked Yan Ruoju's demonstration that the Old Text chapters of the Book of Documents (one of the Five Classics) were Han-dynasty forgeries.
In the Shang shu guangting fu (Record of a broad understanding of the documents), Mao presented criticism of the earlier association between the early nonary cosmographic schemes and the Luoshu.
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毛奇齡（1623年 - 1716年），字
大可，又字
於一，號
西河，又號
河右、
初晴、
晚晴。浙江蕭山人。明末清初經學家、文學家。
Read more...: 生平 生年 著作 延展 注釋
生平
他是毛萬齡之弟。少時聰穎過人，十三歲應明末童子試，主考官陳子龍見他年幼，玩笑說：「黃毛未退，亦來應試？」毛奇齡答道：「鵠飛有待，此振先聲。」對仗頗工，眾人皆驚。清兵南下，與沈禹錫、蔡仲光、包秉德避兵於深山，築土室讀書，曾謂：「元明以來無學人，學人之絕斯三百年矣。」康熙十八年（1679年）舉博學鴻儒二等，授翰林院檢討，充史館纂修。康熙二十四年（1685年），任會試同考官，康熙二十六年（1687年），後因兩膝腫脹，關節殭硬，辭職歸隱，居杭州竹竿巷兄長萬齡家。專心著述。康熙五十五年（1716年）病逝。葬于蕭山北幹後浦攤。
毛奇齡之文章，「縱橫博辨，傲睨一世」，他反對朱子學，他的弟子收集其舊文編撰《四書改錯》以攻擊朱熹《四書章句集注》。他還寫了一部《仲氏易》，把宋人講的《易經》推倒了。毛奇齡認為周敦頤的《太極圖》是來自道教的文獻。全祖望平生最惡毛奇齡之書，攻擊最力。又著有《湘湖水利志》3卷、《蕭山縣縣志刊誤》3卷等。清初《四庫全書》收錄其著作二十八種，見於《存目》的三十五種，為《四庫全書》中個人著作被收錄最多的一位。
毛氏其先出自「注經世業」的《毛詩》註釋者。
生年
陳子龍崇禎十年進士也，當1637年。外放學政，必不早于次年。清人有不敢言者。1642年以後則寇警至近，豈有此閑心。李元度所言為是。康熙五十二年，以多事之秋，八十五歲卒於家。
著作
《毛詩續傳》、《古今通韻》、《春秋毛氏傳》、《經集》、《竟山樂錄》、《樂本解說》、《皇言定聲錄》、《西河詩話》、《詞話》、《四書改錯》、《河圖洛書原舛編》、《太極圖說遺議》，後人編著《西河合集》。
延展
• 【北宋】周邦彥自度曲《西河·大石金陵》
注釋
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original article.
