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Scope: 原抄本日知錄
Condition : References 「容齋隨筆
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九族

1   宗盟先同姓而後異姓,喪服之紀重本屬而輕外親。此必有所受之,不自周人始矣。克明峻德,以親九族。孔傳以為自高祖至玄孫之親,蓋本之喪服小紀。以三為五,以五為九之說,而百世不可易者也。牧誓數商之罪,但言昏棄厥遺,王父母弟,而不及外親。〈呂刑〉申命有邦,歷舉伯父伯兄仲叔季弟幼子童而不言甥舅。古人所為先後之序,從可知矣。故《爾雅》謂于內宗曰族,于母、妻則曰黨。而〈昏禮〉及〈仲尼燕居〉「三族」之文,康成並釋為父、子、孫。《儀禮·昏禮·三族之不虞·註》:「三族為父昆弟,己昆弟,子昆弟。」《禮記·仲尼燕居篇》「故三族和也」註:「三族,父、子、孫也。」杜元凱乃謂「外祖父、外祖母、從母子,及妻父、妻母、姑之子、姊妹之子、女子之子,非己之同族,皆外親有服而異族者。」《左氏.桓公六年傳·註》然則史官之稱帝堯,舉其疏而遺其親,無乃顛倒之甚乎?且九族之為同姓,經傳之中有明證矣。春秋魯成公十五年,宋共公卒,傳曰:二華,戴族也,司城,莊族也。六官者皆族也。共公距戴公九世。凡十三公內除同世者四公。而唐六典正卿掌皇九族之屬籍以別昭穆之序,紀親之別。九廟之子孫其族五十有九。光皇帝一族,景皇帝之族六,元皇帝之族三,高祖之族二十有一,太宗之族十有三,高宗之族六,中宗之族四,睿宗之族五。此在玄宗之時已有七族。中、睿二宗同為一世。若其歷世滋多則有不止于九者,而五世親盡。故經文之言族者,自九而止也。{{杜氏于襄十二年傳註曰:同族謂高祖以下。則前說之非不待辯而明矣。又孔正義謂高祖玄孫無相及之理。桓六年不知高祖之兄弟玄孫之兄弟固可以相及。如後魏國子博士季琰之所謂壽有短長、世有延促,不可得而齊同者。如宋洪邁容齋隨筆》言:嗣王士歆在隆興為從叔祖,在紹熙為曾叔祖,在慶元為高叔祖。其明證矣。余丁未歲在大同遇代府中尉後唽年近五十,考其世次,于孝宗為昆弟,而上距弘治之元已一百八十年。秦、晉二府見在者多其六七世孫。亦何必帝堯之世高祖玄孫之族無一二人同在者乎?疑其不相及,而以外戚當之。其亦昧乎齊家治國之理矣!

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