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| Scope: 河南通志 |
| Condition : References 「禹貢錐指」 |
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7  | 胡渭《禹貢錐指》曰：「宋君臣論治河，往往有格言而無變通。如元豐四年神宗謂輔臣曰：水性趨下治水，則無違其性，如能順水所向，徙城邑以避之，復有何患？此格言也。然施之於商胡北流適得其宜。若地平土疏，潰溢四出，所占不止一河之地者，豈亦當順水所向，遷城邑以避之乎？歐陽修曰：河本泥沙，無不淤之理，淤常先下流，水行漸壅，乃決上流低處，故大河已棄之故道，自古難復。此格言也。然瓠子決二十餘年，而武帝塞之，河復北行，二渠河浸汴濟，注淮、泗六十餘年，而王景治之，仍由千乘入海。今橫隴之徙，裁二十年，安見必不可復？但北流實為利便，不當更事橫隴耳。張商英曰：「治河當行其所無事。一用隄障，猶塞兒口止其啼，此格言也。語出賈讓，然讓意謂正道常流不可傚，戰國為之曲防耳。若衝激之處，潰溢可虞，非增卑培薄，何以御之？此數說者，譬如奕者必勝之著，而低手混施之，則全局皆空。古今經驗之方而庸醫誤用之，則殺人無算。故治河之道，或新或舊，或合或分，或通或塞，或無事或小，有事或大，有事神而明之，存乎其人。茍非其人，則必有害，孟子所以惡執，一也。潘季馴《河防一覽》曰：水以海為壑，向因海壅河高，以致決堤四溢，談河患者皆咎海口，而以濬海為上策。竊謂海無可濬之理，惟當導河以歸之海，則以水治水，即濬海之策也。然河又非可以人力導也，欲順其性，先懼其溢。惟繕治堤防，俾無旁決，則水由地中，沙隨水去，即導河之策也。 |
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