Biography

Ebilun was from the Niohuru clan, which lived north of the Korean border and belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner. He was the youngest of the sixteen sons of Eidu (1562–1621), who had been a close associate of Manchu patriarch Nurhaci. Ebilun's mother was herself a sister (or according to some sources, a cousin) of Nurhaci.

In 1634, the second Qing emperor Hong Taiji (r. 1626–1643) gave Eidu a posthumous rank of viscount, which Ebilun immediately inherited but lost in 1637 after he tried to interfere in a trial involving his niece. In 1643 Ebilun followed Nurhaci's seventh son Abatai in forays inside North China and was credited with the capture of several towns. In 1645 and 1646, after the Qing had defeated the Ming dynasty and made Beijing their capital, Ebilun served under Lekedehun in campaigns to dislodge Ming loyalist He Tengjiao (何騰蛟; 1592–1649) from Hubei and was rewarded with a minor hereditary rank. Yet his position was not assured. Because he belonged to the Yellow Banners, Ebilun was treated with suspicion by Dorgon (the Prince Regent of the young Shunzhi Emperor), whose power base was in the White Banners.

In 1648, during the persecution of Hooge, Dorgon's main rival, Ebilun's nephew accused Ebilun of having opposed Dorgon during the 1643 succession. Ebilun was sentenced to death, but his penalty was commuted. Half of his property was nonetheless confiscated and his minor nobility title was revoked.

The Shunzhi emperor restored Ebilun's titles after Dorgon's death, and eventually entrusted Ebilun with three others to assist the rule of his son (the Kangxi Emperor), who ascended the throne in 1661 at the age of seven. Of the four regents, Ebilun was ranked third, after Sonin and Suksaha, and before Oboi. In practice Ebilun acquiesced to Oboi on nearly all decisions, as the latter gained increasing power. Ebilun also played a role in the ouster of Suksaha, which, after the infirm Sonin died, left Oboi the unchallenged top political figure at court. In 1667, after the Kangxi Emperor assumed personal rule, Ebilun was given the title of a first-class duke. In 1669, Manchu noble Giyesu memorialized the Kangxi Emperor listing 21 crimes supposedly committed by Ebilun shortly after the emperor had moved against Oboi. Ebilun was then sentenced to death. The sentence was later commuted, and Ebilun retained his title, which could be inherited by his descendants.

Family and descendants

Ebilun belonged to the Eidu line of Niohuru clan nobles, many of whom would go on to serve with distinction in the imperial service. He had five sons. The eldest, Faka, inherited Ebilun's title of duke in 1667, only to lose it several years later.

Ebilun's sixth son, Yende, served as an official under the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735), and in turn Yende's own son, Tsereng, served as Viceroy of Huguang; Yende's second son, Necin, served on the Grand Council of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796). One of Ebilun's daughters became a consort of the Kangxi Emperor.

Ebilun's seventh son, Alingga, was a main figure in the succession battle among the sons of the Kangxi Emperor.

Parents

• Father: Eidu (額亦都; 1562 –1621) close associate of Nurhaci

• Mother: Princess of the Second Rank (和碩公主; 1595 – June/July 1659), personal name Mukushen (穆庫什), Nurhaci's fourth daughter

Consort and Issue:

• Wife, of the Aisin Gioro clan (嫡妻 愛新覺羅氏)

• Second Wife, of the Aisin Gioro clan (继妻 愛新覺羅氏)

• Third Wife, of the Bayara clan (三继妻 巴雅拉氏)

　• State duchess of the Fourth Rank , fourth daughter (d.1725)

　　• Married a Yunsheng, Duke of the Fourth Rank (辅国公云升) of Aisin Gioro clan , son of Gose, Duke Quehou of the First Rank (鎮國愨厚公 高塞)

　• Alingga (阿靈阿;1670–1716), First Class Duke (一等公), seventh son

• Concubine, of the Susu Gioro clan (侧室 舒舒觉罗氏)

　• Empress Xiaozhaoren (孝昭仁皇后; 1653 – 18 March 1678), second daughter

　• Noble Consort Wenxi (溫僖貴妃;d.19 December 1694), third daughter

　• Faka (法喀 ;17 May 1664– 9 February 1713), First Class Duke (一等公), third son

• Unknown

　• Princess Consort (王妃), of the Niohuru clan (鈕祜祿氏)

　　• Married Zhashen (札什), of the Mongol Barin clan (漠南蒙古巴林氏)

　• Sailin (塞林 三等侍卫),Third Class Imperial Guard, first son

　• Second son

　• Fifth Daughter

　　• Married Ayushen (阿玉什), First Class Viscount (一等子)

　• Yanzhu (颜珠 一等侍卫;b. 1665), First Class Imperial Guard, fourth son

　• Fubao (富保 任二等侍卫;b.1678),Second Class Imperial Guard, fifth son

　• Yinde, First Class Duke (尹德 一等公), sixth son

生平

天聰八年（1634年），以額亦都子遏必隆襲一等子爵昂邦章京職，代替其父之功，准世襲罔替。授頭等侍衛，管勛舊滿洲鑲黃旗佐領。

後因罪，革遏必隆所襲其父昂邦章京世職。

崇德六年（1641年），隨清太宗進攻明朝，以戰功得優賚。七年（1642年），從奉命大將軍阿巴泰入長城，攻克薊州；再進山東，攻夏津，以頭功授騎都尉世職。

順治二年（1645年），隨順承郡王勒克德渾于武昌之役，斬殺李自成之侄李錦，晉封二等牛錄章京、輕車都尉。

順治八年（1651年），清世祖親政，遏必隆訟冤，詔復職。以所襲其兄圖爾格二等公爵令並襲一等公。不久，授議政大臣、鑾儀衛掌衛事(總理鑾儀衛事內大臣)、領侍衛內大臣等，順治十四年（1657年），加少保兼太子太保，尋加少傅兼太子太傅。

順治十八年（1661年），與索尼、鰲拜、蘇克薩哈三人並受順治帝遺詔為四大輔政大臣。

康熙六年（1667年），皇帝親政之後，特封一等公加太師。適逢鰲拜獨斷專行，屢次矯詔誅殺大臣。遏必隆身為顧命大臣卻選擇明哲保身，不加阻止也未曾彈劾。

康熙八年（1669年）五月，康熙帝命嚴加懲處鰲拜及其黨羽與遏必隆，議他們的罪。康親王傑書等人遵旨勘問，以大清律例十二項罪責議處遏必隆。

康熙九年（1670年）正月十九日，康熙帝又念遏必隆受清世祖顧命為四大輔政大臣，而且又是後金開國五大臣額亦都之子，命仍以一等公品級宿衛內廷。

康熙十二年（1673年），遏必隆病重，康熙帝車駕親臨慰問。是年病逝，謚號「恪僖」。

康熙五十一年（1712年），康熙帝以遏必隆初襲額亦都世職，命其子尹德襲一等精奇尼哈番。

遏必隆刀

此腰刀以遏必隆其人而得名。鞘長94cm，刀長60cm，相傳本為遏必隆所用之指揮刀，死後，刀入皇宮。經略大學士傅恆征大金川、大學士賽尚阿討太平天國，曾分別被乾隆帝和咸豐帝欽賜遏必隆刀，所以刀的一面刻有「遏必隆玲瓏刀一，乾隆十三年賜經略大學士公傅恆平定金川用過」，另一面則有「咸豐」印一方和「神鋒握勝」四字。

乾隆十四年（1749年），遏必隆之孫訥親被押解回京，命以其祖遏必隆之遺刀，將其處斬，以懲其軍誤大小金川之役戰敗。

家庭

• 妻妾，家譜記錄四人

　• 元配，愛新覺羅氏（英親王阿濟格第一女），受封郡主，天聰九年成婚，崇德八年病故。

　• 繼妻，愛新覺羅氏（穎毅親王薩哈璘之女），可能在康熙六年病故。

　• 繼妻，巴雅拉氏，正白旗滿洲人，生一子一女。

　• 側室，舒舒覺羅氏，生四子二女。

• 兒子，至少有七子

　• 長子：色亮，少選三等侍衛，早卒。

　• 次子：早卒。

　• 三子：法喀，母舒舒覺羅氏，繼妻為孝誠仁皇后胞妹，曾襲一等公，後被奪爵。

　• 四子：顏珠，母舒舒覺羅氏，生于康熙四年，生母不詳。任一等侍衛，卒于三十五年。

　• 五子：富保，母舒舒覺羅氏。

　• 六子：尹德，或作音德、殷德，母舒舒覺羅氏，一等公，孫女為乾隆帝順貴人。

　• 七子：阿靈阿，一等公，母巴雅拉氏，妻子為孝恭仁皇后胞妹，女為果郡王允禮嫡福晉，康熙五十五年卒。

• 女兒，至少有七女

　• 長女，巴林蒙古王扎什福晉

　• 次女，孝昭仁皇后，母舒舒覺羅氏，康熙帝第二位皇后，康熙十七年二月二十六日薨，年二十五歲。

　• 三女，溫僖貴妃，母舒舒覺羅氏，康熙帝妃嬪，皇十子胤䄉生母。

　• 四女，母巴雅拉氏，清太宗孫、不入八分輔國公雲升繼妻

　• 五女，鑲白旗蒙古一等子阿玉什之妻

　• 某女，格格鈕祜祿氏，康熙十年，與安嬪等人同時進宮。因「甚是年幼」，需乳母入宮一年或三年陪伴。

　• 某女，褚英玄孫、奉恩輔國公普昌嫡夫人

備註