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-> 關羽

關羽[View] [Edit] [History]
ctext:330476

RelationTargetTextual basis
typeperson
name關羽
born162
died219
authority-viaf3857397
authority-wikidataQ222797
link-wikipedia_zh关羽
link-wikipedia_enGuan_Yu
Guan Yu (; died January or February 220), courtesy name Yunchang, was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Along with Zhang Fei, he shared a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Guan Yu played a significant role in the events leading up to the end of the Han dynasty and the establishment of Liu Bei's state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. While he is remembered for his loyalty towards Liu Bei, he is also known for repaying Cao Cao's kindness by slaying Yan Liang, a general under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao, at the Battle of Boma. After Liu Bei gained control of Yi Province in 214, Guan Yu remained in Jing Province to govern and defend the area for about seven years. In 219, while he was away fighting Cao Cao's forces at the Battle of Fancheng, Liu Bei's ally Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance and sent his general Lü Meng to conquer Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province. By the time Guan Yu found out about the loss of Jing Province after his defeat at Fancheng, it was too late. He was subsequently captured in an ambush by Sun Quan's forces and executed.

Guan Yu's life was lionised and his achievements glorified to such an extent after his death that he was deified during the Sui dynasty. Through generations of story telling, culminating in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, his deeds and moral qualities have been given immense emphasis, making Guan Yu one of East Asia's most popular paradigms of loyalty and righteousness. He is still worshipped by many Chinese people today. In religious devotion he is reverentially called the "Emperor Guan" (Guān Dì) or "Lord Guan" (Guān Gōng). He is a deity worshipped in Chinese folk religion, popular Confucianism, Taoism, and Chinese Buddhism, and small shrines to him are almost ubiquitous in traditional Chinese shops and restaurants.

Read more...: Historical sources   Physical appearance   Early life and career   Short service under Cao Cao   Background   Battle of Boma   Leaving Cao Cao   Returning to Liu Bei   Battle of Red Cliffs and aftermath   Guarding Jing Province   Sun-Liu territorial dispute   Battle of Fancheng   Belittling Sun Quan   Encounter with Xu Huang   Losing Jing Province   Dubious account from the Dianlue   Death   Alternate account from the Shu Ji   Posthumous honours   Anecdotes   Request to take Qin Yilus wife   Advice to Liu Bei   Asking Zhuge Liang about Ma Chao   Arm injury   Family   Appraisal   In Romance of the Three Kingdoms   Worship of Guan Yu   In Chinese religion   In Taoism   In Buddhism   Notable Guandi temples worldwide   In popular culture   Chinese opera   Film and television   Manga   Games  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.
關羽(? - 220年),字雲長,本字長生,司隸河東解良人(今山西省運城市),約生於東漢桓帝延熹年間,漢末三國時劉備的主要親信⼂生死之交和著名將領,亦是三國時期的蜀漢有名武將和軍事家,同時與張飛也是生死之交。二人並稱「萬人敵」。建安四年(199年),受封漢壽亭侯。赤壁之戰後,劉備東吳周瑜攻打南郡曹仁,遣關羽絕北道,阻擋曹操援軍,曹仁退走。後來劉備入益州,關羽留守荊州。建安二十四年(219年),關羽圍襄樊二城,曹操于禁前來增援,關羽擒獲于禁,斬殺龐德,曹操一度想遷許都以避其銳。後曹派徐晃前來增援,而東吳背盟,遣陸遜呂蒙偷襲荊州,關羽腹背受敵,兵敗被殺。景耀三年(260年),蜀漢後主劉禪追謚壯繆侯

關羽最為特殊之處是由于他喜歡看春秋經而倍受中華文化推崇,並且被作為神祇膜拜,產生關羽信仰,並傳至日本、朝鮮、越南、琉球等漢字文化圈國家。由于他體現了春秋經的捍衛正統的忠義勇武的形象,多被民眾尊稱為關公關老爺,又多次被後代帝王褒封,直至武聖,與「文聖」孔子齊名。故也俗稱為(關)聖帝(關)帝君(關)聖帝君關帝關帝爺等而流傳至今。道教尊為協天大帝伏魔大帝翊漢天尊等,漢傳佛教及藏傳佛教奉其為護法神之一,稱為「伽藍菩薩」。其中儒宗神教奉為五文昌之一,而扶鸞信仰者則奉為恩主,故又稱關公為恩主公山西夫子文衡聖帝,是為五恩主之一。民間受《三國演義》等傳統作品影響,普遍認為關羽與劉備張飛義結金蘭,關羽排行第二,故又俗稱其為關二爺關二哥陳壽撰寫之《三國志》,將關羽與張飛、馬超黃忠趙雲合為一傳(《三國志·蜀書·關張馬黃趙傳》),羅貫中的長篇小說《三國演義》又將該五人並稱「五虎上將」,毛宗崗稱其為「三絕」之「義絕」。直至現代,某些社會群體與場合仍常有祭拜關公。

Read more...: 生平   早年生平   降曹歸劉   鎮守荊州   威震華夏   英雄末路   身後影響   人物   家庭       子女     後裔   自稱為後裔   評價   時人評價   後人評價   出生爭議   民間藝術   演義以前   三國演義   文化形像   戲劇   影視劇   漫畫   動畫   傳說俚語   武器和坐騎   遊戲   對關羽的神化和信仰   歷代崇奉   注釋  

The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the original article.

TextCount
名疑2
兩漢三國學案2
全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文3
三國志232
資治通鑑8
晉書7
方輿勝覽2
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/330476 [RDF]

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