Life

Changning received his princedom on 1 March 1671. In August 1690, he was named one of two commanders-in-chief for an expedition against Dzungar leader Galdan, a long-time enemy of the Qing Empire. Having been granted the title of "Great General Who Pacifies the North" (安北大將軍), he was ordered to march his armies through the Xifengkou Pass (喜峰口) north of Beijing, and then to combine his forces with those of his half-brother, Fuquan, the other commander-in-chief, in order to attack Galdan. They reached Galdan's position on September 3, but after a battle that ended in a standstill, they let Galdan escape, a mistake for which Changning was stripped of his place on the Deliberative Council of Princes and High Officials. In 1696, Changning took part in a new campaign that decisively weakened Galdan before the latter's final defeat in 1697. When he died on 20 July 1703, Changning was not given posthumous honors equal to his princely rank, and was not allowed to pass on his title to his descendants, who instead inherited diminished ranks according to the laws concerning the transmission of Qing nobility titles.

Family

Primary Consort

• First primary consort, of the Nara clan (嫡福晉 那拉氏)

• Second primary consort, of the Ma clan (嫡福晉 馬氏)

　• Yongshou, General of the Second Rank (輔國將軍 永綬; 15 December 1671 – 7 June 1686), first son

Concubine

• Mistress, of the Jin clan (晉氏)

　• Princess Chunxi of the First Rank (固倫純禧公主; 28 December 1671 – 13 January 1742), first daughter

　　• Married Bandi (班第; 1664–1755) of the Khorchin Borjigit clan in 1690

　• Third daughter (23 December 1674 – January/February 1681)

　• Fourth daughter (3 December 1676 – January/February 1679)

• Mistress, of the Šušu Gioro clan (舒舒覺羅氏)

　• Manduhu, Duke of the First Rank (鎮國公 滿都護; 25 October 1674 – 11 June 1731), second son

　• Fifth daughter (8 January 1677 – December 1678 or January 1679)

• Mistress, of the Chen clan (陳氏)

　• Second daughter (30 March 1674 – May/June 1695)

　　• Married Du'erma (杜爾瑪) of the Manchu Gūwalgiya clan in September/October 1688

　• Haishan, Prince Ximin of the Third Rank (僖敏貝勒 海善; 4 June 1676 – 21 March 1743), third son

• Mistress, of the Sakda clan (薩克達氏)

　• Duiqing'e, General of the Second Rank (輔國將軍 對清額; 17 March 1681 – 4 October 1742), fourth son

　• Zhuotai, General of the Second Rank (輔國將軍 卓泰; 21 September 1683 – 4 July 1705), fifth son

　• Seventh daughter (5 April 1686 – September/October 1687)

• Mistress, of the Niohuru clan (鈕祜祿氏)

　• Sixth daughter (22 August 1684 – April/May 1712)

　　• Married Du'erma (杜爾瑪) of the Manchu Gūwalgiya clan in January/February 1698

• Mistress, of the Wu clan (吳氏)

　• Wenshubao (文殊保; 26 February 1687 – 4 October 1708), sixth son

Ancestry

In fiction and popular culture

• Portrayed by Tsui Wing in The Life and Times of a Sentinel (2011).

經歷

生於順治十四年（1657年）十一月初四日，母庶妃陳氏。康熙十年（1671年）封為和碩恭親王。康熙二十九年（1690年），在康熙親征噶爾丹的戰爭中，任安北大將軍，率領右翼軍出征。康熙四十二年（1703年）六月初七日去世，享年四十七歲。

家庭

• 嫡福晉納喇氏，郎中拜庫禮之女。

• 繼福晉馬氏，馬義倉之女。康熙十年十一月十五日生長子永綬。

• 庶福晉舒舒覺羅氏，後贈貝勒品級夫人，哈當阿之女。康熙十三年九月二十六日生第二子滿都護。康熙十五年十二月初五日生第五女。

• 庶福晉陳氏，陳福滋之女。康熙十三年二月二十八日生第二女。康熙十五年四月二十三日生第三子海善。

• 庶福晉晉氏，晉格宜之女。康熙十年十一月二十八日生長女固倫純禧公主。康熙十三年十一月二十七日生第三女。康熙十五年十月二十八日生第四女。

• 庶福晉薩克達氏，書薩納之女。康熙二十年正月二十八日生第四子對清額。康熙二十二年八月初一日生第五子卓泰。康熙二十五年三月十三日生第七女。

• 庶福晉鈕祜祿氏，驍騎尉阿爾海之女。康熙二十三年七月十二日生第六女。

• 妾吳氏，吳應熊之女，已革奉國將軍二等侍衛噶爾圖嫡妻吳佳氏之姐妹。康熙二十六年正月十五日生第六子文殊保。

子女

• 長子：永壽，封三等輔國將軍，無嗣。

• 次子：滿都祜，襲貝勒，降爵奉恩鎮國公。

• 三子：海善，襲貝勒，後被奪爵，諡曰僖敏。

• 四子：對青額，封三等輔國將軍，因病告退。

• 五子：卓泰，封三等輔國將軍，無嗣。

• 長女：固倫純禧公主，獲康熙帝收養。

後代

八世孫靈桂 (1815-1885)，為已革奉恩輔國公晉隆之孫，務本 (1792-1844) 之子；靈桂之女即溥儀外祖母、醇親王嫡福晉瓜爾佳氏生母。

恭親王（常寧）世系圖