Zhu Biao (朱標 Zhū Biāo; 10 October 1355 17 May 1392) was the
Hongwu Emperor's first son and crown prince of the
Ming dynasty. His early death created a crisis in the dynasty's first succession that was resolved by the successful usurpation of his brother Zhu Di as the
Yongle Emperor, an act with far-reaching consequences for the future of China.
While his father completed his rebellion against the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Biao was generally kept away from the front lines and provided with the most esteemed Confucian scholars of his time as tutors. Particularly by comparison with his father or brother, Zhu Biao is remembered as being soft-hearted. The official History of Ming records him once questioning his father why so many of the ministers and generals who had aided him in forming the Ming Empire were being rewarded with death or banishment. His father replied that they were like thorns on a vine; not trusting Zhu Biao to do it himself, the Hongwu Emperor was kindly removing them before passing it on to his son.
Like his son, the Jianwen Emperor, Zhu Biao had a deep appreciation for traditional Chinese culture: he was involved in a survey of Xi'an and Luoyang as potential capitals for the dynasty when he fell ill and died in 1392 at the age of 36. He was posthumously honored with the title Crown Prince Yiwen (懿文太子) by his father and Xingzong (明兴宗), Emperor Kang (康皇帝, lit. "Emperor of Health") by his son.
After his younger brother Zhu Di usurped the throne, he was posthumously demoted back to Crown Prince Yiwen. During Southern Ming, he was again posthumously restored as Xingzong and Emperor Kang.
Read more...: Generation Poem Family Ancestry
Generation Poem
After his first son, Zhu Xiongying, Zhu Biao followed the practice of including a generation name into the personal names of his other children. The names followed a generation poem:
This poem would've governed the first character of the personal names of the next 20 emperors of China, but only the first two were officially ever used. After the usurpation of the Prince of Yan Zhu Di, the Jianwen Emperor was said to have died in a fire and his surviving children were killed or kept in isolation to prevent rivals from the throne, and the younger sons of Zhu Biao were also kept under house arrest or killed. But during Republic of China, the politician Wang Pixu (王丕煦) wrote a county chronicle for Laiyang, in which it was recorded that Zhu Yuntong had many descendants there through his son Zhu Wenkun (朱文坤).
Family
Consorts and Issue:
• Empress Xiaokang, of the Chang clan (孝康皇后 常氏; 1355–1378)
• Zhu Xiongying, Prince Yuhuai (虞懷王 朱雄英; 1 December 1374 – 12 June 1382), first son
• Zhu Yuntong, Prince Wudao (吳悼王 朱允熥; 29 November 1378 – 1 September 1417), third son
• Crown Princess consort Yiwen, of the Lü clan (懿文皇太子妃 呂氏; 1359–1412)
• Zhu Yunwen, the Jianwen Emperor (惠宗 朱允炆; b. 5 December 1377), second son
• Zhu Yunjian, Prince Hengmin (衡愍王 朱允熞; 27 July 1385 – 1402), fourth son
• Zhu Yunxi, Prince Xujian (徐簡王 朱允熙; 13 July 1391 – 3 February 1407), fifth son
• Unknown
• Princess Jiangdu (江都郡主), first daughter
• Married Geng Xuan (耿璿), the first son of Geng Bingwen, in 1394
• Princess Yilun (宜倫郡主)
• Married Yu Li (於禮) in 1417
• Princess Nanping (南平郡主; d. 1412), fourth daughter
Ancestry
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
朱標(1355年10月10日 - 1392年),
明太祖朱元璋嫡長子,
明惠宗朱允炆之父,
明成祖朱棣之兄。自明朝建立時,即被冊封為皇太子。洪武二十五年,巡西安府回京後,驟然病逝。
Read more...: 生平 家庭 影視形象
生平
元至正十五年,朱標生於太平陳迪家。1364年(元順帝至正二十四年),朱元璋由李善長等人勸進即吳王位後,立朱標為世子,從學于宋濂。
1368年(明洪武元年),朱元璋即皇帝位,立嫡長子朱標為皇太子。明太祖對朱標極其愛護,命詹同考歷代東宮官制,並選拔功勳道德老成者兼領東宮,輔導太子。其中左丞相李善長兼太子少師,右丞相徐達兼太子少傅,中書平章錄軍國重事常遇春兼太子少保,右都督馮宗異兼右詹事,中書平章政事胡廷端、廖永忠、李伯升兼同知詹事院事,中書左、右丞趙庸、王溥兼副詹事,中書參政楊憲兼詹事丞,傅瓛兼詹事,同知大都督康茂才、張興祖兼左右率府使,大都督府副使顧時、孫興祖同知左右率府事等,不再與東宮外另設府僚,意在朱元璋外出征戰期間,由太子監國、方便各將軍丞相輔佐。
洪武十年後,各政事奏令均先由太子處分,再呈上明太祖,以訓練其治理天下的能力。太子朱標溫文儒雅,政見常與其父相左,因為朱標常勸諫其父對大臣與吏員的責罰過於嚴厲,由此導致其父子二人關係偶顯緊張,但朱標的太子地位終生沒被動搖。
洪武二十五年,自秦中視察返京,患病,先於太祖去世,終年36歲,未即皇位,諡懿文太子。發喪之日,朱元璋痛哭不已。喪期已過,朱元璋仍不忍除去喪服,經禮官勸說,方才上朝議政,並下旨將太子陪葬在自己皇陵之東。朱標嫡子明惠宗朱允炆即位後追諡為孝康皇帝、廟號興宗,明成祖靖難以後複稱懿文太子。葬於南京明孝陵東側。惠宗所上陵號已無考,朱棣登基後改其名為「懿文太子園寢」,世人稱之為「東陵」。南明弘光元年(1645年),明安宗重新追復為孝康皇帝、廟號興宗。21世紀初,東陵墓道被發現。
家庭
朱標系譜名行輩:允文遵祖訓,欽武大君勝。順道宜逢吉,師良善用晟。
影視形象
• 台灣電視連續劇《神機妙算劉伯溫》馬幼興飾演大皇子(朱標)
• 中國大陸電視連續劇《傳奇皇帝朱元璋》潘粵明飾演皇太子(朱標)
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.