Tulišen (also spelled
Tulishen or
Tulixen, Manchu: , 圖理珅 Túlǐshēn; sometimes 圖麗琛; 1667–1741) was a Manchu official and diplomat during the early
Qing dynasty.
Tulišen was a member of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner in the Eight Banners and belonged to the Ayan Gioro clan (阿顔覺羅氏). In 1712, after having served in several minor positions in the Qing government, the Kangxi Emperor appointed him to the Qing embassy to Ayuka Khan (r. 1673-1724) of the Torghuts, who had migrated to the lower Volga River, where they had formed the Kalmyk Khanate under Peter I of the Russian Empire. The whole journey through Russia's Siberian territories took three years and Tulišen later recorded the journey in a famous travelogue (Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars), which was published in 1723. This fascinated many readers in Europe, and later appeared in English, German, Russian and French translations.
In 1720 he dealt with the Izmailov mission to Peking. In 1727, Tulišen served as head of the Qing delegation when the Treaty of Kyakhta was negotiated with the Russian representative Savva Lukich Vladislavovich-Raguzinsky. However, upon his return to the capital Beijing, he was accused of misconduct during the treaty negotiations as well as having betrayed military secrets earlier in his career. He was tried and sentenced to death in 1728, but the Yongzheng Emperor eventually pardoned him. Following the enthronement of the Qianlong Emperor in 1735, Tulišen was given a number of important positions in the government, but was later forced to retire because of failing health.
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圖麗琛(一作圖理琛,ᡨᡠᠯᡳᡧᡝᠨ|a=Tulixen|p=Tulishen,1667年 - 1740年),字瑤圃,號睡心主人,葉合(一作葉赫,ᠶᡝᡥᡝ|z=Yehe)人,阿顏覺羅氏(ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ|a=Ayan Giuro),滿洲正黃旗人。清朝康熙至雍正年間的政治人物。
Read more...: 生平 相關影視 延伸閱讀
生平
康熙五十一年至五十三年(1712年至1714年)出使土爾扈特,著有《異域錄》。
雍正年間任廣東布政使(雍正元年至三年,1723年至1725年)、陝西巡撫(雍正三年至四年)、兵部侍郎、吏部侍郎(雍正四年至五年)等職。雍正六年(1728年)根據中俄《布連斯奇界約》勘定國界時獲罪,擬斬,後宥免。
相關影視
• 《雍正王朝》胡榮華 飾 圖理琛
延伸閱讀
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original article.