Lu Ji (261–303), courtesy name
Shiheng, was a Chinese essayist, military general, politician, and writer who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. He was the fourth son of
Lu Kang, a general of the state of
Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period, and a grandson of
Lu Xun, a prominent general and statesman who served as the third Imperial Chancellor of Eastern Wu.
Read more...: Life Writings
Life
Lu Ji was related to the imperial family of the state of Eastern Wu. He was the fourth son of the general Lu Kang, who was a maternal grandson of Sun Ce, the elder brother and predecessor of Eastern Wu's founding emperor, Sun Quan. His paternal grandfather, Lu Xun, was a prominent general and statesman who served as the third Imperial Chancellor of Eastern Wu. After the Jin dynasty conquered Eastern Wu in 280, Lu Ji, along with his brother Lu Yun, moved to the Jin imperial capital, Luoyang. He served as a writer under the Jin government and was appointed president of the imperial academy. "He was too scintillating for the comfort of his jealous contemporaries; in 303 he, along with his two brothers and two sons, was put to death on a false charge of high treason."
Writings
Lu Ji wrote much lyric poetry but is better known for writing fu, a mixture of prose and poetry. He is best remembered for the Wen fu (文賦; On Literature), a piece of literary criticism that discourses on the principles of composition. Achilles Fang commented:
The first translation into English is by Chen Shixiang, who translated it into verse because, although the piece was rightly called the beginning of Chinese literary criticism, Lu Zhi wrote it as poetry.
Lu Ji is also the writer of the oldest extant work of Chinese calligraphy, a short letter to his friends that has been named the Pingfutie (Consoling Letter).
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
陸機（261年 - 303年），部分文獻寫作
陸璣，字
士衡，
西晉文學家，吳郡（含江蘇省蘇州市及上海市松江區等地，故居在今上海市松江區小崑山鎮）人，與其弟
陸雲合稱「二陸」，後死于「八王之亂」，被夷三族。曾歷任平原內史、祭酒、著作郎等職。世稱
陸平原。
Read more...: 生平 作品 評價 注釋
生平
陸機出身吳中名門，祖父陸遜為三國名將，曾任東吳丞相、上大將軍；父陸抗曾任東吳大司馬，領兵與晉國羊祜對抗。父親死的時候陸機十四歲，與其弟分領父兵，為牙門將。20歲時，吳亡，陸機與其弟陸雲隱退故里，十年閉門勤學。晉武帝太康十年（公元289年），陸機和陸雲來到京城洛陽，初時由於談吐有吳國鄉音，受時人嘲弄，盧志當眾羞辱陸氏兄弟，故意問陸機：「陸遜、陸抗，是君何物？」士衡答曰：「如君于盧毓、盧廷。」盧志聽後不悅。雙方結下仇恨，盧志尋機向司馬穎進言：「陸機自比管、樂，擬君暗主，自古命將遣師，未有臣陵其君而可以濟事者也。」二陸訪得時任太常的西晉名學者張華，得張華看重，使得二陸名氣大振。時有「二陸入洛，三張減價」之說（「三張」指張載、張協和張亢）。
陸機曾為成都王司馬穎表為平原內史，故世稱「陸平原」（漢置平原郡轄十九縣，晉為平原國，諸侯國不設丞相而設內史負責政務）。司馬穎在討伐長沙王司馬乂的時候，任用陸機為後將軍，河北大都督，率領二十多萬人。陸機領兵引起了北人攻訐，里人孫惠「憂其致禍，勸機讓都督于王粹」，但陸機不聽。
陸機立功心切，「列軍自朝歌至于河橋，鼓聲聞數百里，漢魏以來，出師之盛，未嘗有也。」陸機與挾持了晉惠帝的司馬乂戰于鹿苑，然屢戰屢敗。宦人孟玖及其弟孟超等趁機向司馬穎進讒，皆言陸機大敗之下，必起反叛之心以免受罰，於是陸機遂為司馬穎所殺，同時夷滅三族。
作品
陸機被譽為「太康之英」。流傳下來的詩，共104首，大多為樂府詩和擬古詩。代表作有《猛虎行》、《君子行》、《長安有狹邪行》、《赴洛道中作》等。賦今存27篇。散文中，除了著名的《辯亡論》，代表作還有《弔魏武帝文》。其文音律諧美，講求對偶，典故很多，開創了駢文的先河。而在文學理論方面，陸機的著作為《俳賦》（駢賦、小賦），裡面除創作論部份的論述之外，提出了「詩緣情」之說，開啟了中國文學「詩言志」一派的說法。
另外陸機在史學方面也有建樹，曾著《晉紀》四卷，《吳書》（未成）、《洛陽記》一卷等。南宋徐民臆發現遺文10卷，與陸雲集合輯為《晉二俊文集》。明朝張溥《漢魏六朝百三家集》中輯有《陸平原集》。
陸機擅長草書，是章草的代表人物，著名作品為《平複帖》。
評價
• 劉勰《文心雕龍·才略篇》評其詩云：「陸機才欲窺深，辭務索廣，故思能入巧，而不制繁。」
• 明朝張溥贊之：「北海以後，一人而已」。
• 南朝梁鍾嶸：「余常言：'陸才如海，潘才如江。
注釋
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
