Wǔ Shìyuē (武士彠; 559–635 CE) was the father of
Wu Zetian, the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Empress Regnant. Posthumously honored with the title of
King Zhongxiao, Wu was the son of Wu Hua and became a timber merchant. He was also known as the
Duke of Ying and
King of Wei serving as army commander of Yingyang Prefecture during the final years of
Emperor Yang of Sui (r. 605–618 CE) and subsequently as Minister of Revenue and superintendent of Jingzhou City, Hubei during the reign of
Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 627–649 CE).
Initially, Wu married a woman from the Xiangli family, who gave birth to two sons named Wu Yuanqing and Wu Yuanshuang. Later he remarried a woman from the noble Yang family of the Hong Nong region. She was daughter, niece, and sister to several ministers and a close relation of the imperial family. By her, Wu had three daughters: Wu Shun (later the Lady of Han), Wu Zhao (Empress Wu Zetian) and the Lady of Guo.
After Wu died in 635 CE, his two sons were rude to their stepmother; after Wu Zetian came to power, she banished her half-brothers from the imperial court. At the same time she named her sister Lady of Han's son Helan Minzhi as heir to her father. However, Wu Zetian became displeased with Helan Minzhi's conduct and sent him into exile where he died. Thereafter she recalled Wu Yuanshuang's son Wu Chengsi from exile and made him Wu Shiyue's successor.
Posthumously, Wu Shiyue ("yue" being an alternate reading of 彠, and is considered to be the correct one) received the titles of Zhou Zhongxiao Emperor and Supreme Founding Emperor of the Southern Zhou Dynasty (690–705).
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This article is based on a translation of Chinese Wikipedia.
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
武士獲（577年 - 635年），字
信明，隋末唐初官員，是隨
李淵在晉陽起兵的功臣，亦是中國唯一的女皇帝
武則天的父親，死後諡號魏忠孝王。
Read more...: 生平 子女 名字 讀音 避諱 陵墓
生平
武士獲的父親是武華。出身于商人世家，喜歡結交。隋朝大業末年。武士獲曾為鷹揚府隊正。李淵屯守汾、晉之地時，曾在其家休憩。後李淵留守太原，引為行軍司鎧參軍。
李淵募集兵士，以劉弘基和長孫順德統領。這引起了王威、高君雅的懷疑。他們私下對武士獲說：唐公所募兵壯，盡付劉宏基、長孫順德統管，我等不能幹預。為何？武士獲知來者不善，便說：所募新兵，素乏訓練，今委以專人，乃治兵之常法!且唐公為今之勛威，受委重責，恐無曖昧之情。王威半信半疑，又提出：「弘基等皆背征三衛，罪當死，奈何授之兵？吾且劾系之。(這劉宏基、長孫順德都是徵高麗的逃兵，應按律逮問。)武士獲則回答：「此皆唐公（李淵）客，若爾，必大有嫌。(此二人乃唐公李淵之客，而非唐公族人，且曾為皇上侍衛，當此用人之際，啟用也不妨，若按治二人，必使唐公不悅，方可堪憂。所以王威等疑不發(王威一向畏懼唐公李淵威儀，聽這麼一說，就不敢動了。)。當時司兵參軍田德平欲勸王威彈劾李淵募兵的情況，武士獲脅謂說：「討捕兵悉隸唐公，威、君雅無與，徒寄坐耳，何能為？」田德平亦止。(田德平也建議王威查查募兵的狀況，也給武士獲勸止了。事情擺平，武士獲就將王威等人之言告訴李淵，使李淵有了防備，這是大功一件。)武士獲力勸李淵起事，別再猶豫，並假託聽到空中:有稱唐公為天子者。俱以手捫日月。武士獲又將自己所撰的兵書獻給李淵，李淵大歡，意以自負。
晉陽起兵開始，武士獲不與謀也。以大將軍府鎧曹參軍從平京師，為庫部郎中、光祿大夫、義原郡公。以晉陽起兵有功，可恕一次死罪。武士獲曾說夢見李淵騎馬而登天，李淵笑道：「爾故王威黨也，以能罷系劉弘基等，其意可錄，且嘗禮我，故酬汝以官。今胡迂妄媚我邪？」
武德元年（618年），便以二等開國功臣得授金紫光祿大夫(正三品)，封太原郡公。武德中，又升工部尚書，判六尚書，賜實封八百戶，面對殊榮，武士獲「固辭不受，前後三讓，方遂所陳」。後加封應國公，世襲國公。
貞觀元年（627年），利州都督李孝常因謀反被處決。武士獲在此後出任利州都督。貞觀五年（631年）十月己亥，武士獲以利州都督身份與他人上表請求唐太宗封禪，太宗沒有同意。武士獲後又任荊州都督。貞觀九年武士獲逝世，享年七十六歲。後追贈禮部尚書，謚曰定。
子女
起初，他娶相里氏為妻，生子武元慶、武元爽。後來再婚娶楊氏，生有三女，長女武順，次女即女皇武則天以及三女郭孝慎夫人武氏。由於兩個兒子在他死後對後母楊氏無禮，武則天便貶謫兩位兄長，並以姊姊韓國夫人武順之子賀蘭敏之為武士獲的後嗣。然而賀蘭敏之也行為不檢，引起武則天反感，流放而死，之後遂召回元爽之子武承嗣做武士獲的繼承人。
武士獲死後，次女武則天入宮。唐高宗永徽中，因為武則天為皇后的緣故，追贈并州都督、司徒、周國公。咸亨中，加贈太尉兼太子太師、太原郡王，配享唐高祖廟廷，列功臣上。武則天臨朝，又尊為忠孝太皇，建崇先府，置官屬，追王五世。武則天稱帝後，東都洛陽立武氏七廟，追冊為帝，為太祖無上孝明高皇帝。諸妣皆隨帝號曰皇后。武士獲的墓葬尊為的昊陵，昊陵就是攀龍台。先天中，有詔削帝號，仍為太原王，廟遂廢。
名字
讀音
獲在古漢語中是一個多音字，既可以是zh-hans:yuē;zh-hk:yuē;zh-tw:ㄩㄝ也可以是zh-hans:huò;zh-hk:huò;zh-tw:ㄏㄨㄛˋ，王永平認為武士獲的「獲」字應該讀zh-hans:yuē;zh-hk:yuē;zh-tw:ㄩㄝ，理由有二：
• 一：古籍里如《資治通鑑音注》和《太平御覽》中，凡是提到武士獲名字的地方，都注音為「約」，即zh-hans:yuē;zh-hk:yuē;zh-tw:ㄩㄝ之音
• 二：古人起名和字一般都有一定的講究，名和字之意應該是相對應的，「獲」應該是借用了「尺度」之意，表示「士之有規矩、有法度」或是「有規矩、有法度之士」，這和他的字「信」是有相對應的意思在裡面的。
避諱
由于武士獲的女兒武則天成為皇后，孫處約和韋仁約因名字讀音類似武士獲，為避諱，改以字行。
陵墓
天授元年武則天稱帝，追封武士獲為孝明高皇帝，其墓為昊陵，在今山西省文水縣。武則天母楊氏的墓地稱為順陵。
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